Greene Family of Rhode Island in Library of Congress

This commodity is about the American Revolutionary State of war general. For other people with a like name, see Nathaniel Greene.

American general in the American Revolutionary State of war

Nathanael Greene
A 1783 Charles Willson Peale portrait of Greene
Nickname(s)	"The Savior of the South" "The Fighting Quaker"
Born	August seven [O.S. July 27] 1742 Potowomut, Warwick Rhode Isle, British America
Died	June xix, 1786(1786-06-19) (aged 43) Mulberry Grove Plantation, Chatham County, Georgia, U.Due south.
Buried	Johnson Square, Savannah, Georgia, U.S.
Allegiance	United States
Service/branch	Continental Army
Years of service	1775–1783
Rank	Major full general
Unit	Kentish Guards
Battles/wars	American Revolutionary War See battles Siege of Boston Battle of Harlem Heights Battle of Fort Washington Battle of Trenton Boxing of Brandywine Battle of Germantown Boxing of Monmouth Battle of Rhode Island Battle of Springfield Battle of Guilford Court Firm Battle of Hobkirk'due south Loma Siege of Ninety-Six Battle of Eutaw Springs
Spouse(s)	Catharine Littlefield ​ ​ (k. 1774)​
Signature

Nathanael Greene (August 7 [O.S. July 27] 1742 – June nineteen, 1786, sometimes misspelled Nathaniel) was a major general of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War. He emerged from the war with a reputation as General George Washington'southward most talented and undecayed officer, and is known for his successful command in the southern theater of the state of war.

Born into a prosperous Quaker family in Warwick, Rhode Island, Greene became agile in the colonial opposition to British revenue policies in the early 1770s and helped constitute the Kentish Guards, a country militia. After the April 1775 Battles of Lexington and Concord, the legislature of Rhode Island established an army and appointed Greene to control it. Afterwards in the year, Greene became a general in the newly established Continental Regular army. Greene served under Washington in the Boston campaign, the New York and New Bailiwick of jersey campaign, and the Philadelphia campaign before being appointed quartermaster general of the Continental Army in 1778.

In October 1780, General Washington appointed Greene as the commander of the Continental Regular army in the southern theater. Later on taking command, Greene engaged in a successful entrada of guerrilla warfare against the numerically superior force of Full general Charles Cornwallis. He inflicted major losses on British forces at Boxing of Guilford Court Firm, the Battle of Hobkirk's Hill, and the Battle of Eutaw Springs, eroding British control of the American South. Major fighting on land came to an terminate following the surrender of Cornwallis at the Siege of Yorktown in Oct 1781, merely Greene continued to serve in the Continental Army until late 1783. After the state of war, he became a planter in the South, only his rice crops mainly failed. He died in 1786 at his Mulberry Grove Plantation in Chatham County, Georgia. Many places in the United States are named afterward Greene.

Early on life and pedagogy [edit]

Coat of Arms of Nathanael Greene

Greene was born on Baronial 7, 1742 [O.S.], on Forge Farm at Potowomut in the township of Warwick, Rhode Isle, which was then part of British America. He was the 2nd son of Mary Mott and Nathanael Greene Sr., a prosperous Quaker merchant and farmer.^[1] Greene was descended from John Greene and Samuel Gorton, both of whom were founding settlers of Warwick.^[2] Greene had two older half-brothers from his male parent'south get-go matrimony, and was one of six children born to Nathanael and Mary. Due to religious beliefs, Greene'southward begetter discouraged book learning, as well as dancing and other activities.^[3] Nonetheless, Greene convinced his father to hire a tutor, and he studied mathematics, the classics, law, and various works of the Age of Enlightenment.^[4] At some signal during his childhood, Greene gained a slight limp that would remain with him for the rest of his life.^[five]

In 1770, Greene moved to Coventry, Rhode Isle, to take charge of the family-owned foundry, and he built a firm in Coventry called Spell Hall. After in the twelvemonth, Greene and his brothers inherited the family business after their father's death. Greene began to assemble a large library that included military histories by authors like Caesar, Frederick the Cracking, and Maurice de Saxe.^[half-dozen]

Family [edit]

In July 1774, Greene married the 19-twelvemonth-quondam Catharine Littlefield, a niece-by-matrimony of his distant cousin, William Greene, an influential political leader in Rhode Isle.^[7] That same twelvemonth, one of Greene's younger brothers married a daughter of Samuel Ward, a prominent Rhode Island politician who became an important political ally until his death in 1776.^[8] Greene and Catherine's start kid was born in 1776, and they had half-dozen more children between 1777 and 1786.^[9]

American Revolutionary War [edit]

Prelude to war [edit]

After the French and Indian War (1754–1763), the British parliament began imposing new policies designed to raise revenue from British America for a war that colonists had played a pivotal role in instigating.^{[10] [11]} Afterwards British official William Dudington seized a vessel endemic by Greene and his brothers, Greene filed an ultimately successful lawsuit against Dudington for damages. While the lawsuit was pending, Dudington'southward vessel was torched by a Rhode Isle mob in what became known as the Gaspee Affair. In the aftermath of the Gaspee Affair, Greene became increasingly alienated from the British.^[12] At the same time, Greene drifted away from his father'south Quaker faith, and he was suspended from Quaker meetings in July 1773.^[thirteen] In 1774, after the passage of revenue-raising measures that colonials derided equally the "Intolerable Acts," Greene helped organize a local militia known every bit the Kentish Guards.^[xiv] Considering of his limp, Greene was not selected equally an officer in the militia.^[15]

Commander under Washington [edit]

Boston campaign [edit]

The American Revolutionary War broke out with the April 1775 Battles of Lexington and Agree. In early May, the legislature of Rhode Island established the Rhode Island Army of Observation and appointed Greene to command it. Greene's army marched to Boston, where other colonial forces were laying siege to a British garrison.^[xvi] He missed the June 1775 Battle of Bunker Hill because he was visiting Rhode Island at the time, only he returned almost immediately later on the battle and was impressed past the performance of colonial forces.^[17] That same month, the Second Continental Congress established the Continental Army and appointed George Washington to command all colonial forces. In addition to Washington, Congress appointed sixteen generals, and Greene was appointed as a brigadier general in the Continental Army. Washington took command of the Siege of Boston in July 1775, bringing with him generals such as Charles Lee, Horatio Gates, and Thomas Mifflin.^[18] Washington organized the Continental Army into three divisions, each consisting of regiments from different colonies, and Greene was given control of a brigade consisting of seven regiments.^[xix] The Siege of Boston continued until March 1776, when British forces evacuated from the city. After the end of the siege, Greene briefly served equally the commander of military forces in Boston, but he rejoined Washington'southward ground forces in April 1776.^[xx]

New York and New Bailiwick of jersey Campaign [edit]

Washington established his headquarters in Manhattan, and Greene was tasked with preparing for the invasion of nearby Long Island.^[21] While he focused on building up fortifications in Brooklyn, Greene befriended General Henry Knox and struck upwardly a correspondence with John Adams. He was as well, forth with several other individuals, promoted to major general past an act of Congress.^[22] Considering of a severe fever, he did not take part in the Battle of Long Island, which ended with an American retreat from Long Island.^[23] Later the battle, Greene urged Washington to raze Manhattan so that it would not autumn into the hands of the British, but Congress forbade Washington from doing and then. Unable to raze Manhattan, Washington initially wanted to fortify the metropolis, but Greene joined with several officers in convincing Washington that the city was indefensible. During the withdrawal from Manhattan, Greene saw combat for the offset time in the Boxing of Harlem Heights, a minor British defeat that nonetheless represented ane of the offset American victories in the war.^[24]

Later on the Battle of Harlem Heights, Washington placed Greene in control of both Fort Constitution (after known equally Fort Lee), which was on New Bailiwick of jersey side of the Hudson River, and Fort Washington, which was across the river from Fort Constitution.^[25] While in command of Fort Lee, Greene established supply depots in New Jersey along a potential line of retreat; these would later prove to exist valuable resources for the Continental Army.^[26] Washington suggested to Greene that he remove the garrison from Fort Washington due to its vulnerability to a British attack, but he ultimately deferred to Greene's conclusion to proceed to station soldiers there. In the subsequent Battle of Fort Washington, fought in November 1776, the British captured the Fort Washington and its three,000-man garrison. Greene was subjected to heavy criticism in the backwash of the boxing, just Washington declined to relieve Greene from command.^[27] Soon later on the Battle of Fort Washington, a British force under Full general Cornwallis captured Fort Lee, and the Continental Army began a retreat across New Bailiwick of jersey and into Pennsylvania.^[28] Greene commanded part of Washington'south army in the Dec 1776 Battle of Trenton and the January 1777 Boxing of Princeton, both of which were victories for the Continental Army.^[29]

Philadelphia entrada [edit]

Along with the residual of Washington'due south army, Greene was stationed in New Jersey throughout the first half of 1777.^[xxx] In July 1777, he publicly threatened to resign over the date of a French officer to the Continental Regular army, but he ultimately retained his commission.^[31] Meanwhile, the British began a campaign to capture Philadelphia, the seat of Congress. At the Boxing of the Brandywine, Greene commanded a segmentation at the heart of the American line, but the British launched a flanking maneuver. Greene'south division helped prevent the envelopment of American forces and allowed for a prophylactic retreat.^[32] The British captured Philadelphia before long after the Battle of the Brandywine, but Washington launched a surprise attack on a British force at the October 1777 Battle of Germantown.^[33] Greene's detachment arrived late to the battle, which ended in another American defeat.^[34] In December, Greene joined with the rest of Washington'due south army in establishing a camp at Valley Forge, located twenty-five miles northwest of Philadelphia.^[35] Over the wintertime of 1777–1778, he clashed with Thomas Mifflin and other members of the Conway Cabal, a group that frequently criticized Washington and sought to install Horatio Gates as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.^[36]

In March 1778, Greene reluctantly accepted the position of quartermaster general, making him responsible for procuring supplies for the Continental Army.^[37] Along with his top two assistants, Charles Pettit and John Cox, Greene reorganized his 3,000-person department, establishing supply depots in strategic places across the United states.^[38] As quartermaster general, Greene continued to nourish Washington'south councils-of-war, an unusual organization for a staff officer.^[39] After France joined the war in early 1778, the British ground forces in Philadelphia was ordered to New York.^[39] Along with Anthony Wayne and the Marquis de Lafayette, Greene recommended an set on on the British force while it retreated across New Jersey to New York. Greene commanded a sectionalisation in the subsequent Boxing of Monmouth, which, afterward hours of fighting, ended indecisively.^[40]

Stalemate in the Northern theater, 1778–1780 [edit]

Commemorative postage of George Washington and Nathanael Greene, Result of 1937

In July 1778, Washington granted Greene temporary leave as quartermaster general so that he could take role in an attack on British forces stationed in his domicile state of Rhode Isle.^[41] The offensive was designed every bit a combined Franco-American operation under the command of General John Sullivan and French admiral d'Estaing, but the French fleet withdrew due to bad atmospheric condition conditions.^[42] Greene fought in the subsequent Battle of Rhode Island, an inconclusive boxing that concluded with a British retreat from the American position. Afterwards the battle, the American strength under Sullivan left Rhode Island, while Greene returned to his duties equally quartermaster full general.^[43]

After mid-1778, the Northern theater of the war became a stalemate, as the main British force remained in New York City and Washington'south force was stationed nearby on the Hudson River. The British turned their attention to the Southern theater of the state of war, launching an ultimately successful expedition to capture Savannah.^[44] Though he desired a battlefield control, Greene continued to serve as the Continental Army's quartermaster general.^[45] Equally Congress was increasingly powerless to furnish funds for supplies, Greene became an advocate of a stronger national government.^[46] In June 1780, while Washington'due south primary force continued to baby-sit the Hudson River, Greene led a detachment to cake the advance of a British contingent through New Jersey. Despite beingness vastly outnumbered in the Battle of Springfield, Greene forced the withdrawal of the British force on the field.^[47] Shortly subsequently the boxing, Greene resigned as quartermaster general in a letter that strongly criticized Congress; although some members of Congress were and then outraged by the letter that they sought to save Greene of his officer's commission, Washington's intervention ensured that Greene retained a position in the Continental Army.^[48] After Benedict Arnold defected to the British, Greene briefly served equally the commandant of West Point and presided over the execution of John André, Arnold's contact in the British army.^[49]

Command in the Due south [edit]

Appointment [edit]

By October 1780, the Continental Ground forces had suffered several devastating defeats in the Due south under the command of Benjamin Lincoln and Horatio Gates, leaving the United States at a major disadvantage in the Southern theater of the war.^[50] On October 14, 1780, Washington, acting on the authorization of Congress, appointed Greene every bit the commander of the Southern Department of the Continental Army.^[51] By the time he took control, the British were in command of central portions of Georgia and South Carolina, and the governments of the Southern states were unable to provide much support to the Continental Army. Greene would face up a six,000-human British army led by General Cornwallis and cavalry commander Banastre Tarleton, as well as numerous Loyalist militias that worked with the British. Outnumbered and under-supplied, Greene settled on a strategy of guerrilla warfare rather than pitched battles in order to forestall the advance of the British into North Carolina and Virginia.^[52] His strategy would heavily depend on riverboats and cavalry to outmaneuver and harass British forces.^[53] Amidst Greene's primal subordinates in the Southern campaign were his second-in-command, Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, cavalry commander Henry Lee, the Marquis de Lafayette, Daniel Morgan, and Francis Marion.^[54]

Strategic retreat [edit]

Major operations in the South during 1781

While en road to the Southern theater, Greene learned of the American victory at Oct 1780 Battle of Kings Mountain, which postponed Cornwallis'due south planned advance into Northward Carolina.^[55] Upon arriving in Charlotte, Due north Carolina, in December 1780, Greene went against conventional military strategy by dividing his forces; he would lead the principal American force southeast, while Morgan would lead a smaller detachment to the southwest.^[56] Cornwallis responded by dividing his own forces, marching the principal detachment against Greene while Tarleton led a force against Morgan. In the Jan 1781 Battle of Cowpens, Morgan led Continental troops to a major victory that resulted in the near-total destruction of Tarleton's force.^[57] After the battle, Cornwallis set off in pursuit of Morgan, burning some of his own supplies in club to speed up his regular army'southward motion. Greene linked up with Morgan and retreated into Due north Carolina, purposely forcing Cornwallis away from British supply lines.^[58] On February ix, in consultation with Morgan^[a] and other top officers, Greene decided to proceed the retreat due north, heading toward the Dan River at the North Carolina-Virginia border.^[threescore]

With the British in shut pursuit, Greene divided his forces, leading the main contingent north while sending a smaller group nether Colonel Otho Williams to harass British forces. Greene's force outpaced the British and crossed the Dan River on February 14. Greene's contemporaries were impressed by the speed and efficiency of the retreat through difficult territory; Alexander Hamilton wrote that it was a "masterpiece of military skill and exertion." Unwilling to travel fifty-fifty farther from his supply lines, Full general Cornwallis led his army south to Hillsborough, Northward Carolina. On Feb 22, Greene'due south force crossed dorsum over the Dan River to challenge Cornwallis in North Carolina.^[61]

Boxing of Guilford Court Firm [edit]

After crossing back into Northward Carolina, Greene harassed Cornwallis'due south army. In early March, he received reinforcements from N Carolina and Virginia, doubling the size of his strength to approximately 4,000 men. On March xiv, he led his army to Guilford Courthouse and began preparing for an attack by Cornwallis, using a strategy based on Morgan's plan at the Battle of Cowpens. Greene established three defensive lines, with the North Carolina militia making up the first line, the Virginia militia making upwards the second line, and the Continental Ground forces regulars, positioned on a loma behind a pocket-size stream, making up the third line.^[62] After skirmishes on the morning of the March 15, the main British strength launched a full attack in the afternoon, beginning the Battle of Guilford Court House. The first American line fired volleys and then fled, either to the next line or away from the battlefield. The 2nd line held upwardly for longer, and continued to resist the British advance while Cornwallis ordered an unsuccessful assail against the third line. The British re-formed and launched an assault on the left flank of the tertiary line, but were overwhelmed by Henry Lee'southward cavalry. In response, Cornwallis ordered his artillery to fire grapeshot into the fray, striking British and American soldiers alike. With his ground forces's left flank collapsing, Greene ordered a retreat, bringing the battle to an end. Although the Battle of Guilford Court House ended with an American defeat, the British suffered essentially greater losses.^[63]

Entrada in S Carolina and Georgia [edit]

After the Battle of Guilford Court Business firm, Cornwallis's force headed south to Wilmington, North Carolina. Greene initially gave chase, just declined to press to launch an attack after much of the militia returned home. To Greene'due south surprise, in tardily April Cornwallis's force began a march north to Yorktown, Virginia.^[64] Rather than follow Cornwallis, Greene headed Southward, where he challenged British commander Francis Rawdon for control of South Carolina and Georgia.^[65] On Apr 20, he began a siege of Camden, Southward Carolina and established a camp at a nearby ridge known every bit Hobkirk'due south Hill. On the 25th, Rawdon launched a surprise attack on Greene's position, beginning the Battle of Hobkirk's Hill. Despite having been taken past surprise, Greene's forcefulness nearly accomplished victory, but the left flank collapsed and the cavalry failed to go far. Facing total defeat, Greene ordered a retreat, bringing an end to the boxing. Although the American and British forces suffered a similar number of losses in the Battle of Hobkirk'south Hill, Greene was securely disappointed past the event of the battle.^[66]

On May ten, Rawdon's force left Camden for Charleston, Due south Carolina, finer conceding control of much of interior South Carolina to the Continental Army. In a serial of small-scale deportment known as the "war of the posts," Greene and his subordinates farther eroded British control of interior South Carolina by capturing several British forts.^[67] On June xviii, after undertaking the month-long Siege of Ninety-Six, Greene launched an unsuccessful attack on the British fort at 90 Six, Due south Carolina. Although the assail failed, Rawdon ordered the fort abased shortly thereafter. Meanwhile, Greene's subordinates further expanded Continental control, capturing Augusta, Georgia on June v. By the cease of June, the British controlled little more than a thin strip of coastal state from Charleston to Savannah.^[68] After resting through much of July and August, the Continental Army resumed operations and engaged a British strength on September eight at the Battle of Eutaw Springs.^[69] The battle ended with a Continental retreat, merely the British suffered more substantial losses. After the battle, the British strength returned to Charleston, leaving interior South Carolina in total control of Continental forces. Congress issued Greene a aureate medal and passed a resolution congratulating him for his victory at Eutaw Springs.^[70]

While Greene campaigned in S Carolina and Georgia, Lafayette led Continental resistance to Cornwallis's army in Virginia. Although Greene'southward command gave him leadership of Continental operations in Virginia, he was unable to closely control events in Virginia from South Carolina. Lafayette heeded Greene's advice to avoid gainsay, simply his force only narrowly escaped destruction at the July 1781 Battle of Dark-green Spring. In August, Washington and French general Rochambeau left New York for Yorktown, intent on inflicting a decisive defeat against Cornwallis.^[71] Washington laid siege to Cornwallis at Yorktown, and Cornwallis surrendered on October 19.^[72]

After Yorktown [edit]

Yorktown was widely regarded every bit a disastrous defeat for the British, and many considered the war to have finer ended in late 1781.^[73] The governments of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia each voted Greene liberal grants of lands and coin, including an estate called "Boone's Barony" in Bamberg Canton, South Carolina, and Mulberry Grove Plantation near Savannah.^[74] Nonetheless, the British still controlled New York, Savannah, and Charleston, and Greene still contended with Loyalist militias who sought to destabilize Continental control. With American finances in a disastrous state, Greene also struggled to clothe and feed his troops. In tardily 1781, he declined appointment to the newly created position of secretary of war, which was charged with overseeing the Continental Army.^[75] He also corresponded with Robert Morris, the superintendent of finance of the United states, who shared Greene's view on the need for a stronger national government than the ane that had been established in the Manufactures of Confederation.^[76] No major military activeness occurred in 1782, and the British evacuated Savannah and Charleston before the terminate of that yr.^[77] Congress officially declared the end of the state of war in Apr 1783, and Greene resigned his commission in late 1783.^[78]

Afterwards life and death [edit]

Subsequently resigning his commission, Greene returned to Newport. Facing a big amount of debt, he relocated to the South to focus on the slave plantations he had been awarded during the state of war, and he made his home at the Mulberry Grove Plantation exterior of Savannah.^[79] In 1784, Greene declined appointment to a commission tasked with negotiating treaties with Native Americans, only he agreed to attend the first meeting of the Lodge of the Cincinnati.^[fourscore] He then became an original fellow member with the Rhode Island Society of the Cincinnati.^[81]

Greene barbarous sick on June 12, 1786, and he died at Mulberry Grove on June 19, 1786, at the age of 43.^[82] The official cause of death was sunstroke. For over a century, his remains were interred at the Graham Vault in Colonial Park Cemetery in Savannah, alongside John Maitland, his arch-rival in the conflict.^[83] On November 14, 1902, through the efforts of Rhode Isle Guild of the Cincinnati President Asa Bird Gardiner, his remains were moved to a monument in Johnson Foursquare in Savannah.^[84] Greene Square, near a 3rd of a mile southeast of Johnson Foursquare, was named for him upon its platting in 1799.^[85]

As noted higher up, Greene was in debt. In 1782 and 1783, Greene had difficulty supplying his troops in Charleston with wear and provisions. He contracted with Banks & Co to furnish supplies, merely was compelled to put his proper noun to the bail for the supplies. An order was given by Greene to Robert Morris for payment of the amount; this was paid by the Regime of the United States to the contractor, who did not use it to pay the debt and left the bond unpaid. Greene paid the debt himself, and in 1791 his executrix petitioned Congress for relief. Greene had obtained some security from a partner of Banks & Co named Ferrie on a mortgage or lien on a tract of land, merely the land was liable to a prior mortgage of £i,000 sterling to an Englishman named Murray. In 1788, the mortgagor in England filed a neb to forestall on the mortgage, while Greene'south family instituted proceedings against Ferrie, who was entitled to a reversionary interest in the land. The court ordered the state be sold and the sale proceeds to be first used to extinguish the mortgage, with the balance to get to representatives of General Greene. The land was sold, and afterwards the £1,000 mortgage had been paid off, the residue of £ii,400 was to go Greene'south representatives. However, the purchaser never took title and never paid the coin, on the grounds that the championship was in dispute. In 1792 a Relief Act was passed by Congress for General Greene which was based upon the prescript of the land auction; the sum of which he was entitled to (£ii,400) was exempted out of the indemnity allowed him at that time, non one cent of which his heirs received except $2,000. In 1830, the administrators of Murray filed a bill of Chancery against the land; all the same, his agent who had bought the country had not taken title to information technology, on the grounds that there was a dispute nearly the country. The merits to the title was non resolved and the money never paid. Meanwhile, from 1789 to 1840, the plantation had gone to ruin; under the original decree, the land, instead of bringing the sum it had kickoff bought, was sold for just $xiii,000. This left Greene's representatives only well-nigh $2,000 instead of £ii,400. In 1840, they applied to Congress for the difference betwixt the two sums. In 1854, the case was put to Congress for the relief of Phineas Nightingale, who was the administrator of the deceased General Greene.^[86]

Legacy [edit]

The Nathanael Greene Statue at Rhode Island State House

Historical reputation [edit]

Defense analyst Robert Killebrew writes that Greene was "regarded by peers and historians equally the second-all-time American general" in the Revolutionary War, later on Washington.^[87] The historian Russell Weigley believed that "Greene's outstanding characteristic as a strategist was his ability to weave the maraudings of partisan raiders into a coherent blueprint, coordinating them with the maneuvers of a field army otherwise too weak to accomplish much, and making the combination a deadly i.... [He] remains lonely as an American master developing a strategy of anarchistic state of war."^[87] Historian Curtis F. Morgan Jr. describes Greene every bit Washington's "most trusted military subordinate."^[88] Co-ordinate to Golway, "on at least two occasions, fellow officers and politicians described Greene... every bit the man Washington had designated to succeed him if he were killed or captured."^[89] He was also respected past his opponents; Cornwallis wrote that Greene was "as dangerous as Washington. He is vigilant, enterprising, and full of resources–there is but picayune hope of gaining an advantage over him."^[ninety] Alexander Hamilton wrote that Greene'south death deprived the state of a "universal and pervading genius which qualified him non less for the Senate than for the field."^[91] Killebrew argues that Greene was the "almost underrated general" in American history.^[87]

Memorials [edit]

His statue, forth with that of Roger Williams, represents the land of Rhode Island in the National Statuary Hall Collection in the The states Capitol. Washington, D.C. also hosts a bronze equestrian statue of Greene in Stanton Park. A large oil portrait of Nathanael Greene hangs in the State Room in the Rhode Island Land Firm, and a statue stands outside the building'south south facade. A cenotaph to him stands in the Former Forge Burial Ground in Warwick.^[92] Greene is likewise memorialized by statues in or virtually Philadelphia, Valley Forge National Historical Park, Greensboro, North Carolina,^[93] Greensburg, Pennsylvania, and Greenville, S Carolina. The Nathanael Greene Monument in Savannah, Georgia serves equally his burial identify.

Numerous places and things have been named afterward Greene across in the The states. Fourteen counties are named for Greene, the most populous of which is Greene County, Missouri. Municipalities named for Greene include Greensboro, Due north Carolina; Greensboro, Georgia; Greensburg, Pennsylvania; Greenville, North Carolina; Greenville, S Carolina and Greeneville, Tennessee. Other things named for Greene include the Green River in Kentucky, Fort Greene Park in Brooklyn, and several schools. Several ships have been named for Greene, including the USRCGeneral Green, the USSGeneral Greene, the USS Nathanael Greene, and the USAV MGen Nathanael Greene.

The Nathanael Greene Homestead in Coventry, Rhode Island, features Spell Hall, which was Full general Greene'southward home, built in 1774. Greene commissioned cabinetmaker Thomas Spencer to build a desk and bookcase, probable to exist put in this new domicile. The desk and bookcase is now at the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, Georgia. It was built in Due east Greenwich, Rhode Island in the Chippendale Style. An inscription is written in graphite on an interior drawer that says that the desk originally belonged to Nathanael Greene.^[94]

See also [edit]

• Quakers in the American Revolution
• List of places named for Nathanael Greene

Notes [edit]

1. ^ Morgan retired shortly after the quango-of-war due to wellness issues.^[59]

References [edit]

1. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 12–15
2. ^ Austin, John Osborne (1887). Genealogical Dictionary of Rhode Island. pp. 88, 302, 344. ISBN978-0-8063-0006-ane.
3. ^ Golway (2005), pp. xiv–16, xix
4. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 21–23
5. ^ Golway (2005), pp. xix–20
6. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 28–30
7. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 42–43
8. ^ Golway (2005), pp. xxx, 84
9. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 74, 312–313
10. ^ "George Washington starts the French & Indian War – On This Day – May 28, 1754". Revolutionary State of war and Beyond . Retrieved July 28, 2019.
11. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 23–24
12. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 32–38
13. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 38–39
14. ^ Golway (2005), pp. forty–44
15. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 44–45
16. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 45–47
17. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 55–56
18. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 56–57
19. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 60–61
20. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 75–78
21. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 79–80
22. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 82–85
23. ^ Golway (2005), pp. ninety–91
24. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 92–95
25. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 95–98
26. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 97–98, 117
27. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 100–103
28. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 104–106
29. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 108–111, 116–117
30. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 132–133
31. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 128–130
32. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 136–139
33. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 142–144
34. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 145–147
35. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 153–100
36. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 154–157
37. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 164–166
38. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 170–171
39. ^ ^{a b} Golway (2005), pp. 173–174
40. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 175–177
41. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 183–184
42. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 186–189
43. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 191–192
44. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 194, 208–209
45. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 199–202
46. ^ Golway (2005), p. 215
47. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 222–225
48. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 225–227
49. ^ Golway (2005), pp. seven, 229–230
50. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 5–9
51. ^ Golway (2005), pp. ix, 230
52. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 231–233
53. ^ Golway (2005), p. 238
54. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 233–239, 266
55. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 235–236
56. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 238–242
57. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 245–247
58. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 248–249
59. ^ Golway (2005), p. 250
60. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 250–251
61. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 250–253
62. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 253–256
63. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 257–260
64. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 261–264
65. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 264–265
66. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 266–269
67. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 270–272
68. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 274–276
69. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 279–280
70. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 283–286
71. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 278–279
72. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 287–288
73. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 289, 294
74. ^ Siry, Steven E. (2006). Greene : Revolutionary Full general. Lincoln: Academy of Nebraska Press. p. 86. ISBN9781574889123.
75. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 289–292
76. ^ Rappleye, Charles (2010). Robert Morris: Financier of the American Revolution. Simon and Schuster. p. 270. ISBN9781416572862.
77. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 301–303
78. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 303–306
79. ^ "Nathanael Greene - Slave Owner".
80. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 310–311
81. ^ Metcalf, Bryce (1938). Original Members and Other Officers Eligible to the Society of the Cincinnati, 1783-1938: With the Institution, Rules of Admission, and Lists of the Officers of the General and State Societies. Strasburg, VA: Shenandoah Publishing House, Inc. p. 145.
82. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 313–314
83. ^ Galileo
84. ^ Nathanael Greene: a biography of the American Revolution
85. ^ SavannahBest.com's ''Squares of Savannah'', accessed June 16, 2007
86. ^ The Congressional Globe, Volume 23, Office 3 p.1581
87. ^ ^{a b c} Ricks, Thomas E. (September 22, 2010). "The most underrated general in American history: Nathaniel Greene?". Foreign Policy. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
88. ^ Morgan Jr., Curtis F. "Nathanael Greene". George Washington's Mount Vernon . Retrieved Dec 22, 2018.
89. ^ Golway (2005), pp. 3–four
90. ^ Golway (2005), p. 244
91. ^ Golway (2005), p. 314
92. ^ Graves of our Founders
93. ^ Statue of Nathanael Greene in Downtown Greensboro. Greensboro Daily Photo (February xix, 2009). Retrieved on July 23, 2013.
94. ^ "Desk and bookcase, RIF1447". The Rhode Isle Piece of furniture Archive at the Yale University Fine art Gallery . Retrieved December 11, 2019.

Bibliography [edit]

Secondary sources [edit]

• Babits, Lawrence E.; Howard, Joshua B. (2009). Long, Obstinate, and Encarmine: The Battle of Guilford Courthouse. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN9780807887677.
• Buchanan, John (1999). The Road to Guilford Courthouse: The American Revolution in the Carolinas. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. ISBN9781620456026.
• Carbone, Gerald M. (2008). Nathanael Greene: A Biography of the American Revolution. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN978-0230602717.
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Greene, Nathanael". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. Thou., eds. (1905). "Author:Nathanael Greene". New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
• Greene, Francis Vinton, "Life of Nathanael Greene, Major-General in the Army of the Revolution". (New York, 1893), in the Great Commanders Serial
• Greene, George W. The Life of Nathanael Greene, Major-General in the Army of the Revolution. 3 vols. New York: Putnam, 1867–1871. Reprinted Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press, 1972. ISBN 0-8369-6910-iii.
• Golway, Terry (2005). Washington'due south General: Nathanael Greene and the Triumph of the American Revolution . Henry Holt and Company, LLC. ISBN0-8050-7066-four.
• Haw, James (2008). "Every Matter Here Depends upon Opinion: Nathanael Greene and Public Back up in the Southern Campaigns of the American Revolution". S Carolina Historical Mag. 109 (3): 212–231. JSTOR 40646853.
• Johnson, William, "Sketches of the Life and Correspondence of Nathanael Greene", (1822)
• Massey, Gregory D.; Piecuch, Jim, eds. (2012). Full general Nathanael Greene and the American Revolution in the South. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN978-1611170696.
• McCullough, David (2005). 1776 . Simon and Schuster. ISBN9780743226714.
• Middlekauff, Robert (2005). The Glorious Crusade: the American Revolution, 1763–1789. Oxford Academy Press. ISBN978-0195162479.
• Oller, John (2016). The Swamp Fox: How Francis Marion Saved the American Revolution. Da Capo Press. ISBN978-0-306-82457-9.
• Philbrick, Nathaniel (2018). In the Hurricane's Heart: The Genius of George Washington and the Victory at Yorktown. Viking. ISBN978-0525426769.
• Siry, Steven Eastward. (2006). Greene: Revolutionary General. Academy of Nebraska Press. ISBN9781574889123.
• Stegeman, John F. (1985) [1977]. Caty: A Biography of Catharine Littlefield Greene. University of Georgia Press. ISBN9780820307923.
• Thane, Elswyth (1972). The Fighting Quaker: Nathanael Greene. Hawthorn Books. ISBN978-0884119715.
• Ward, Christopher. War of the Revolution 2 Volumes. New York 1952

Main sources [edit]

• The Papers of General Nathanael Greene. University of Due north Carolina Press:
  • Vol. I: December 1766 to December 1776. ISBN 0-8078-1285-4.
  • Vol. Two: January 1777 to Oct 16, 1778. ISBN 0-8078-1384-two
  • Vol. Three: Oct xviii, 1778 to May ten, 1779. ISBN 0-8078-1557-8.
  • Vol. IV: May 11, 1779 to October 31, 1779. ISBN 0-8078-1668-X.
  • Vol. V: Nov 1, 1779 to May 31, 1780. ISBN 0-8078-1817-8.
  • Vol. VI: June 1, 1780 to Dec 25, 1780. ISBN 0-8078-1993-Ten.
  • Vol. Seven: December 26, 1780 to March 29, 1781. ISBN 0-8078-2094-6.
  • Vol. VIII: March xxx, 1781 to July 10, 1781. ISBN 0-8078-2212-4.
  • Vol. IX: July 11, 1781 to December two, 1781. ISBN 0-8078-2310-4.
  • Vol. Ten: December 3, 1781 to April vi, 1782. ISBN 0-8078-2419-four.
  • Vol. Xi: Apr 7, 1782 to September 30, 1782. ISBN 0-8078-2551-4.
  • Vol. XII: 1 October 1782 to May 21, 1783. ISBN 0-8078-2713-4.
  • Vol. Thirteen: May 22, 1783 to June 13, 1786. ISBN 0-8078-2943-9.

External links [edit]

• American Revolution Establish
• Biography of Greene
• A letter from Nathanael Greene with his acceptance of control over the Southern Ground forces from the Papers of the Continental Congress
• Historic Valley Forge biography
• American Revolution homepage
• Army Quartermaster Foundation, Inc.
• "Eulogium on Major-Full general Greene" (1789) past Alexander Hamilton
• Gen Nathl Greene descendants, as listed in a family tree on RootsWeb
• Sketches of the Life and Correspondence of Nathanael Greene, by William Johnson
• Nathanael Greene Monument historical marking
• Nathanael Greene, Maj. Gen. Continental Army historical marker
• Club of the Cincinnati

Military offices
Preceded past Stephen Moylan	Quartermaster Full general of the Us Army 1778–1780	Succeeded by Timothy Pickering

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathanael_Greene

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